1 Samuel 4:17

Authorized King James Version

And the messenger answered and said, Israel is fled before the Philistines, and there hath been also a great slaughter among the people, and thy two sons also, Hophni and Phinehas, are dead, and the ark of God is taken.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיַּ֨עַן
answered
properly, to eye or (generally) to heed, i.e., pay attention; by implication, to respond; by extension to begin to speak; specifically to sing, shout,
#2
הַֽמְבַשֵּׂ֜ר
And the messenger
properly, to be fresh, i.e., full (rosy, figuratively cheerful); to announce (glad news)
#3
וַיֹּ֗אמֶר
and said
to say (used with great latitude)
#4
נָ֤ס
is fled
to flit, i.e., vanish away (subside, escape; causatively, chase, impel, deliver)
#5
יִשְׂרָאֵל֙
Israel
he will rule as god; jisral, a symbolical name of jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
#6
לִפְנֵ֣י
before
the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposi
#7
פְלִשְׁתִּ֔ים
the Philistines
a pelishtite or inhabitant of pelesheth
#8
וְגַ֛ם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#9
מַגֵּפָ֥ה
slaughter
a pestilence; by analogy, defeat
#10
גְדוֹלָ֖ה
and there hath been also a great
great (in any sense); hence, older; also insolent
#11
הָֽיְתָ֣ה
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#12
בָעָ֑ם
among the people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#13
וְגַם
properly, assemblage; used only adverbially also, even, yea, though; often repeated as correl. both...and
#14
שְׁנֵ֨י
and thy two
two; also (as ordinal) twofold
#15
בָנֶ֜יךָ
sons
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#16
מֵ֗תוּ
are dead
to die (literally or figuratively); causatively, to kill
#17
חָפְנִי֙
also Hophni
chophni, an israelite
#18
וּפִ֣ינְחָ֔ס
and Phinehas
pinechas, the name of three israelites
#19
וַֽאֲר֥וֹן
and the ark
a box
#20
הָֽאֱלֹהִ֖ים
of God
gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme god; occasionally applied by way of
#21
נִלְקָֽחָה׃
is taken
to take (in the widest variety of applications)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The historical context of the biblical period relevant to this book's composition provides crucial background for understanding this verse. The historical and cultural milieu of the biblical world informed the author's theological expression and the audience's understanding. The the cultural context of the biblical world would have shaped how the original audience understood divine sovereignty. Archaeological and historical evidence reveals Archaeological discoveries continue to illuminate the historical context of biblical texts.

Questions for Reflection

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